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Chaos 5, 110 (1995); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.166092 (8 pages)

Approximate entropy (ApEn) as a complexity measure

Steve Pincus

990 Moose Hill Road, Guilford, Connecticut 06437

(Received 6 May 1994; accepted 2 August 1994)

Approximate entropy (ApEn) is a recently developed statistic quantifying regularity and complexity, which appears to have potential application to a wide variety of relatively short (greater than 100 points) and noisy time‐series data. The development of ApEn was motivated by data length constraints commonly encountered, e.g., in heart rate, EEG, and endocrine hormone secretion data sets. We describe ApEn implementation and interpretation, indicating its utility to distinguish correlated stochastic processes, and composite deterministic/ stochastic models. We discuss the key technical idea that motivates ApEn, that one need not fully reconstruct an attractor to discriminate in a statistically valid manner—marginal probability distributions often suffice for this purpose. Finally, we discuss why algorithms to compute, e.g., correlation dimension and the Kolmogorov–Sinai (KS) entropy, often work well for true dynamical systems, yet sometimes operationally confound for general models, with the aid of visual representations of reconstructed dynamics for two contrasting processes. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.

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KEYWORDS and PACS

PACS

  • 05.45.-a

    Nonlinear dynamics and chaos

  • 87.10.-e

    General theory and mathematical aspects

ARTICLE DATA

PUBLICATION DATA

ISSN

1054-1500 (print)  
1089-7682 (online)

For access to fully linked references, you need to log in.
    P. Grassberger and I. Procaccia, “Estimation of the Kolmogorov entropy from a chaotic signal,” Phys. Rev. A 28, 2591–2593 (1983).

    J. P. Eckmann and D. Reulle, “Ergodic theory of chaos and strange attractors,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 57, 617–656 (1985).

    A. M. Eraser and H. L. Swinney, “Independent coordinates for strange attractors from mutual information,” Phys. Rev. A 33, 1134–1140 (1986).

    J. D. Farmer and J. J. Sidorowich, “Predicting chaotic time series,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, 845–848 (1987).


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